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Consequently, the wave travels slightly past the center of the first open hole before reflecting. The instrument behaves as if it were physically longer than the distance to the open hole. This difference is called the . Tonehole Geometry Three parameters define the behavior of a single tonehole: Diameter (
The internal profile of the tube—its bore—dramatically alters harmonic behavior.
One of the most elegant principles in wind acoustics is . Below a certain frequency (typically 1000-1500 Hz), an open tonehole acts as an efficient terminator. Above that frequency, the hole becomes acoustically "small" and waves begin to tunnel past it up the bore.
) of the air column is calculated using the physical length to the tonehole ( Lpcap L sub p ) plus an additional extension (