(Justification: Paragraph B explicitly details "horizontal gene transfer, where bacteria share resistance genes directly with neighboring microbes.")
What can resistant infections lead to?
Alexander Fleming predicted that bacteria would eventually become resistant to penicillin. | | 2 | selective | “When a
Paragraph F outlines the financial hurdles, noting that developing these drugs is a "high-risk financial gamble" and companies "struggle to recoup their research and development costs."
| Question | Answer | Keyword Location / Explanation | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | 1 | | “The rise of antibiotic resistance is fundamentally a consequence of evolution”. | | 2 | selective | “When a person takes an antibiotic, the drug kills the defenseless bacteria, leaving behind… those that can resist it” – This is ‘selective pressure’. | | 3 | overuse | “The overuse and misuse of antibiotics… greatly accelerates this natural selection process”. | | 4 | one | “One in six laboratory-confirmed bacterial infections… were resistant to antibiotic treatments”. | | 5 | gram | “The report identifies Gram-negative bacteria… as posing the greatest threat”. | | 6 | FALSE | The report states AMR contributed to 1.27 million deaths in 2019 , not 2023. | | 7 | FALSE | The passage states overuse/misuse also accelerates the process; it is not the only factor. | | 8 | FALSE | The highest resistance is found in South-East Asia and the Eastern Mediterranean , not Europe or the Western Pacific. | | 9 | TRUE | The passage states: “more than 40% of E. coli … are now resistant to third-generation cephalosporins”. | | 10 | NOT GIVEN | The passage reports a growth in participation but does not explicitly state every member country submits data. | | 11 | One Health | “a coordinated ‘One Health’ approach that integrates human, animal, and environmental health policies”. | | 12 | 2050 | “39 million people could die from drug-resistant infections over the next 25 years…”. | | 13 | 55% | “over 55% of K. pneumoniae globally are now resistant to third-generation cephalosporins”. | | 14 | selective | Selective pressure. Explanation: The passage describes this pressure as occurring every time antibiotics are used, favouring resistant bacteria. | | | 5 | gram | “The report
Longer hospital stays and more expensive alternative treatments. The "Post-Antibiotic Era":
Many students lose marks here because of tricky questions and complex vocabulary regarding medical science. It includes with increasing difficulty
It includes with increasing difficulty, 40 questions , and an answer key at the end.
To destroy completely (often used regarding the goal for bacteria). Specific types or varieties of bacteria. Proliferation: A rapid increase in numbers or spread. Indiscriminate:
Based on the findings, we recommend: