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V-て型 / A-くて / N で (Cause/Reason) N + で (Natural disasters/accidents)
Lesson 44: Excess ( ~すぎます ) and Ease/Difficulty ( ~やすい / ~にくい )
Shifting the focus of the sentence from the doer to the receiver of the action. Vital for showing when something happens to you (often with a nuance of annoyance). Minna No Nihongo 2 Lesson 26 To 50 Pdf Grammar
Bridging the Gap: A Structural Analysis of Intermediate Grammar in Minna No Nihongo Shokyuu II (Lessons 26–50)
Causative-passive (使役受身)
You learn to express degrees of certainty using ~でしょう ( ~deshou ), ~かもしれません ( ~kamoshiremasen ), and ~はずです ( ~hazu desu ).
State remaining after purposeful action. Doing something in advance. V-て型 / A-くて / N で (Cause/Reason) N
Actions done to you (often causing annoyance). Mentioning historical facts or creations.